Norton Equivalent Circuit – An Overview | Practical Example

Norton’s Theorem: Norton’s Theorem is a very popular method for solving complex circuits, as well as Thevenin’s Theorem. We have already discussed the Thevenin’s Theorem in detail. Today we will discuss in detail the Norton Theorem.

What is going on in our discussion today:

  • Something about Norton’s Theorem / Norton Theorem Discovery.
  • Norton’s Theorem Statement.
  • Steps to apply the Norton Theorem.
  • Circuit solution with Norton Theorem.

Something about Norton’s Theorem Discovery

Edward Laurie Norton While researching the Thevenin Theorem, Bell Lab found that a complex circuit could also be expressed through current sources and parallel resistances.

After several tests, he finally 1926 About four years after the discovery of Thevenin’s Theorem, that is, he published his Theorem. But sadly that year, Thevenin Theorem’s inventor Leon Charles Thevenin He died, leaving no comment on Norton’s Theorem on his behalf.

norton equivalent circuit
                                                                     Edward L. Norton (1898 – 1983)

Norton Theorem Statement

Norton stated in his theory that “any two-terminal linear bilateral dc network can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a current source and a parallel resistor”.

norton equivalent circuit
Circuit 1:Norton equivalent circuit.

Steps to apply the Norton Theorem

To solve a circuit using the Norton Theorem, we need to take some steps or Steps  Have to follow. For the sake of interpretation, we do not assume from the lower circuit RL To find the current flowing through it.

norton equivalent circuit
                                                   Figure 1: The current flowing through the RL.

So now let’s not know the solution steps or the steps to solve the above circuit with Norton Theorem:

Step 1: The load in which the current is to be removed must be shortened. (Figure 2) 

norton equivalent circuit
                                                                          Figure 2: IL is shortened.

Step 2:The route that has been shortened by the route flows through Norton Current(RN) Have to find out  

Step 3:Now this short path has to be opened. If there is a voltage source, you need to short and open the current source. Then this circuit will be Norton Resistance(RN) Have to find out

norton equivalent circuit
                                                     Figure 3: The current source is open and the voltage source is shortened.

Step 4: The latest IN, RAnd RIn addition to this, Norton’s Equivalent Circuit has to be calculated and this new circuit IL  It has to be evaluated.

norton equivalent circuit
                                         Figure 4: Norton’s Equivalent Circuit

Load current,  IL = (RN×IN / RN+RL)

Circuit Solutions with Norton Theorem:

Q: From the following circuit using the Norton Theorem a b Draw Norton’s Equivalent Circuit at the terminal. 

norton equivalent circuit
                                   Circuit 1: a b Terminal will have to calculate Norton’s Equivalent Circuit.

Solution: First we have a b terminal RL Who made it short.

norton equivalent circuit
                                                                        Circuit 2 RL has been shortened.

This time it flows through Norton Current(IN)Find out,

.·. I= 9 / 3 = 3 Amps.

After that IN The short path opens and 9 V Norton Resistance from the lower circuit by shortening the associated voltage source (RN) Have to find out

norton equivalent circuit
             Circuit 3:The IN has been shortened to open and 9V voltage source.

Since  3Ω And 6Ω Norton Resistance will be in parallel,

R= 3 ।। 6

⇒ R= (3 × 6) / (3 + 6)

⇒ R= 18 / 9

.’.  R= 2 Ω

So Norton’s Equivalent Circuit will be as follows:

norton equivalent circuit
                                    Circuit 4: Norton’s Equivalent Circuit

Reference by,

Wikipedia

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